NAHB Housing Market Index

38

NAHB/Wells Fargo Housing Market Index (HMI) is based on a monthly survey of home builders. They are asked to rate current sales of single-family homes and sales expectations for the next six months and to rate traffic of prospective buyers. Scores for responses to each component are used to calculate a seasonally adjusted overall index, where a number over 50 indicates more builders view sales conditions as good than poor.

3-Month BTF Auction

12-Month BTF Auction

6-Month BTF Auction

Manufacturing Sales MoM Final

3.3%

In Canada, Manufacturing Sales provides a current 'snapshot' of sales of goods manufactured values by the Canadian manufacturing sector, enabling analysis of the state of the Canadian economy, as well as the health of specific industries in the short- to medium-term.

Core Inflation Rate YoY

In Canada, the core inflation rate tracks changes in prices that consumers pay for a basket of goods which excludes eight of the most volatile components identified by the Bank of Canada including: fruit, fruit preparations and nuts; vegetables and vegetable preparations; mortgage interest cost; natural gas; fuel oil and other fuels; gasoline; inter-city transportation; and tobacco products and smokers' supplies. It also excludes the effect of changes in indirect taxes.

Inflation Rate YoY

In Canada, the most important categories in the CPI basket are Shelter (30 percent of the total weight) and Transportation (17 percent). Food accounts for 16 percent; Household Operations, Furnishings and Equipment for 15 percent; Recreation, Education and Reading for 9 percent; Health and Personal Care for 5 percent; Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco Products for 5 percent and Clothing and Footwear for the remaining 4 percent. The CPI basket is reviewed every four years on the basis of household surveys. The current weights are based on spending patterns in 2002.

CPI Trimmed-Mean YoY

3%

CPI Trimmed is a measure of core inflation that excludes CPI components whose rates of change in a given month are located in the tails of the distribution of price changes. This measure helps filter out extreme price movements that might be caused by factors specific to certain components. In particular, CPI-trim excludes 20 percent of the weighted monthly price variations at both the bottom and top of the distribution of price changes, and thus it always removes 40 percent of the total CPI basket.

CPI Median YoY

2.9%

CPI median is a measure of core inflation corresponding to the price change located at the 50th percentile (in terms of the CPI basket weights) of the distribution of price changes in a given month. This measure helps filter out extreme price movements specific to certain components. This approach is similar to CPI-trim as it eliminates all the weighted monthly price variations at both the bottom and top of the distribution of price changes in any given month, except the price change for the component that is the midpoint of that distribution.

NY Empire State Manufacturing Index

18.7

New York Empire State Manufacturing Index is based on data compiled from the survey of 200 executives from the companies in the manufacturing sector in the New York State. Participants report the change in 11 indicators including level of general business activity, new orders, shipments, inventories, number of employees, delivery time, capital expenditure from the previous month and the likely direction of these indicators in six months. A reading above 0 indicates manufacturing activity is expanding, below 0 is contracting.

Housing Starts

In Canada, a housing start is defined as the beginning of construction work on the building where the dwelling unit will be located. This can be described in 2 ways: usually, the stage when the concrete has been poured for the whole of the footing around the structure; or an equivalent stage where a basement will not be part of the structure.

Balance of Trade

-1022000000

From the beginning of the past decade, Poland’s foreign trade turnover increased almost ten-fold. Poland exports processed fruit and vegetables, meat, dairy products, electromechanical products, vehicles, aircraft and vessels. Most of Poland's imports are capital goods needed for industrial retooling and for manufacturing inputs like machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, minerals, fuels and lubricants. European Union is by far its largest trading partner accounting for about 79% of exports and 64% of imports.

Current Account

-725000000

Current Account is the sum of the balance of trade (exports minus imports of goods and services), net factor income (such as interest and dividends) and net transfer payments (such as foreign aid).

Core Inflation Rate MoM

BCB Focus Market Readout

In Brazil, interest rate decisions are taken by The Central Bank of Brazil's Monetary Policy Committee (COPOM). The official interest rate is the Special System of Clearance and Custody rate (SELIC) which is the overnight lending rate.

Balance of Trade

17370000000

Ireland posts regular trade surpluses since 1985. Its main exports are chemicals and related products, machinery, and food and live animals. In the meantime, its main imports are machinery, transport equipment, and fuel. Ireland's main exporting partners are the United States, other EU member-states, and Great Britain. On the other hand, the majority of imports are from the rest of the world, mainly due to energy purchases, followed by other EU states.

12-Month NTB Auction

Current Account

-3127000000

Current Account is the sum of the balance of trade (exports minus imports of goods and services), net factor income (such as interest and dividends) and net transfer payments (such as foreign aid).

Unemployment Rate

5.2%

In India, the unemployment rate is estimated by directly interviewing a large sample of randomly selected households. Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy Consumer Pyramids panel of households includes over 174,405 households including over 522,000 members who are over 15 years old.

Balance of Trade

3758900000

Foreign trade accounts for approximately 70 percent of the Belgium's economy. About 80% of Belgium's trade is with fellow EU member states. The major export commodity in Belgium is the automobile, medicament mixtures put in dosage, not mounted or set diamonds. Belgium imports mainly machinery and equipment, chemicals, diamonds, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, transportation equipment and oil products.

Industrial Production MoM

0.2%

In Euro Area, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities.

Industrial Production YoY

1.2%

In Euro Area, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities.

Construction Output YoY

7.2%

In Greece, the Production Index in Construction (IPC) is an important business cycle indicator, which shows the quarterly activity in the production of building construction and the production of civil engineering sectors.

Balance of Trade

-41680000000

India has been recording sustained trade deficits since 1980 mainly due to the strong imports growth, particularly of mineral fuels, oils and waxes and bituminous substances and pearls, precious and semi-precious stones and jewelry. In recent years, the biggest trade deficits were recorded with China, Switzerland, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Indonesia. India records trade surpluses with the US, United Arab Emirates, Hong Kong, United Kingdom and Vietnam.

Imports

76060000000

India main imports are: mineral fuels, oils and waxes and bituminous substances (27 percent of total imports); pearls, precious and semi-precious stones and jewelry (14 percent); electrical machinery and equipment (10 percent); nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances (8 percent); and organic chemicals (4 percent). India’s major import partners are: China (16 percent of total imports), the United States (6 percent), United Arab Emirates (6 percent), Saudi Arabia (5 percent) and Switzerland (5 percent).

Exports

34380000000

In the recent years, India’s leading export categories have included mineral fuels, oils and distillation products (17% of total exports); electrical and electronic equipment (9%); machinery, nuclear reactors and boilers (7%); pearls, precious and semi-precious stones and jewellery (7%); pharmaceutical products (5%); vehicles and parts (5%); and organic chemicals (5%). India’s top export destinations were the United States (17%), United Arab Emirates (8%), Netherlands (5%), Singapore (3%), China (3%), and the United Kingdom (3%).

91-Day T-Bill Auction

182-Day T-Bill Auction

273-Day T-Bill Auction

364-Day T-Bill Auction

Inflation Rate MoM Final

0.1%

In Poland, the most important categories in the consumer price index are: Food and non-alcoholic beverages (25 percent of the total weight); Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels (19 percent); Transport (10 percent); Recreation and Culture (6 percent); Alcoholic beverages and tobacco (6 percent), Restaurants and hotels (6 percent); Furnishings, household equipment, routine household maintenance (6 percent); and Miscellaneous goods and services (6 percent). Health, Clothing and footwear, Communication and Education account for the remaining 15 percent of total weight.

Inflation Rate YoY Final

2.8%

In Poland, the most important categories in the consumer price index are: Food and non-alcoholic beverages (24 percent of the total weight); Housing energy/maintenance (21 percent); Transport (9 percent); Recreation and Culture (7 percent). Alcohol and tobacco, Health, Other goods and services, and Clothing account for 6 percent each. Communication, Restaurants and Hotels, Household Equipment and Education account for the remaining 17 percent of total weight.

Current Account

29360000000

Current Account is the sum of the balance of trade (exports minus imports of goods and services), net factor income (such as interest and dividends) and net transfer payments (such as foreign aid).

Industrial Production YoY

0.9%

In Hong Kong, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in manufacturing sector of the economy.

Budget Balance

-223200000000

The government budget balance is the difference between government revenues and expenses. The budget is balanced when outlays equal to receipts, the country reports budget surplus when revenues are higher than expenses and deficit when expenses exceed the revenues.

Producer & Import Prices MoM

-0.3%

In Switzerland, the producer price index (which measures the price development of goods that are produced and sold by enterprises operating within the country) and the import price index (which measures the price development of imported goods) are combined into the price index for the whole range of goods. Only domestic sales are considered for the producer price index when combining the indices.

Producer & Import Prices YoY

-1.7%

In Switzerland, the Producer Price Index (PPI) is officially named “Producer and Import Price Index”. Producer price index measures the price development of goods that are produced and sold by enterprises operating within the country and the import price index measures the price development of imported goods. Only domestic sales are considered for the producer price index when combining the indices.

SECO Economic Forecasts

FDI (YTD) YoY

-10.3%

In China, Foreign Direct Investment refers to foreign capital actually utilized, which is to the amount which has been actually used according to the agreements and contracts, including cash, materials and invisible capital such as labor service and technology which both parties agree to take as an investment.

Wholesale Prices MoM

0.3%

The index of wholesale prices measures the development of prices of goods sold by wholesalers within Germany to the extent that such sales are included under wholesale, such as contracts concluded with resellers, processors or other bulk purchasers. This may refer to goods produced in Germany or to imported goods. Excluded are sales from producers direct to retailers or final consumers.

Wholesale Prices YoY

1.1%

The index of wholesale prices measures the development of prices of goods sold by wholesalers within Germany to the extent that such sales are included under wholesale, such as contracts concluded with resellers, processors or other bulk purchasers. This may refer to goods produced in Germany or to imported goods. Excluded are sales from producers direct to retailers or final consumers.

Balance of Trade

56500000000

The Norwegian trade balance has been in surplus since 1989 and hit NOK 531 billion in 2021, the highest trade surplus ever, mainly due to a much higher price growth on average of goods exported than those imported. Exports increased by 77% to NOK 1,377.8 billion, strongly driven by high prices for energy products, metals and fish. Export income from oil and gas accounted for more than 60% of all merchandise exports in 2021. Imports rose by NOK 82.1 billion from a year earlier to NOK 846.8 billion in 2021. Around a quarter of this increase is due to high imports of passenger cars, which increased by 36.5% and amounted to NOK 72.1 billion. The EU countries, Great Britain, China and the United States are the most important trading partners for Norway.

Industrial Production MoM

1.1%

In Romania, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities.

Industrial Production YoY

0.2%

In Romania, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities.

WPI Food Index YoY

-5.04%

In India, the wholesale price index (WPI) is the main measure of inflation. The WPI measures the price of a representative basket of wholesale goods. In India, wholesale price index is divided into three groups: Primary Articles (22.6 percent of total weight); Fuel and Power (13.2 percent); and Manufactured Products (64.2 percent). The Food Index from the Primary Articles and Manufactured Products groups accounts for 24.4 percent of the total weight. The most important components of the Manufactured Products group are Basic Metals (9.7 percent of total weight); Food products (9.1 percent); Chemicals and Chemical products (6.5 percent) and Textiles (4.9 percent). Within the Primary Articles group, the most important component is Food Articles (15.3 percent), while within Fuel and Power, the most important category is HSD (3.1 percent).

WPI Manufacturing YoY

1.54%

In India, the wholesale price index (WPI) is the main measure of inflation. The WPI measures the price of a representative basket of wholesale goods. In India, wholesale price index is divided into three groups: Primary Articles (22.6 percent of total weight); Fuel and Power (13.2 percent); and Manufactured Products (64.2 percent). The Food Index from the Primary Articles and Manufactured Products groups accounts for 24.4 percent of the total weight. The most important components of the Manufactured Products group are Basic Metals (9.7 percent of total weight); Food products (9.1 percent); Chemicals and Chemical products (6.5 percent) and Textiles (4.9 percent). Within the Primary Articles group, the most important component is Food Articles (15.3 percent), while within Fuel and Power, the most important category is HSD (3.1 percent).

WPI Fuel YoY

-2.55%

In India, the wholesale price index (WPI) is the main measure of inflation. The WPI measures the price of a representative basket of wholesale goods. In India, wholesale price index is divided into three groups: Primary Articles (22.6 percent of total weight); Fuel and Power (13.2 percent); and Manufactured Products (64.2 percent). The Food Index from the Primary Articles and Manufactured Products groups accounts for 24.4 percent of the total weight. The most important components of the Manufactured Products group are Basic Metals (9.7 percent of total weight); Food products (9.1 percent); Chemicals and Chemical products (6.5 percent) and Textiles (4.9 percent). Within the Primary Articles group, the most important component is Food Articles (15.3 percent), while within Fuel and Power, the most important category is HSD (3.1 percent).

WPI Inflation YoY

-1.21%

In India, the wholesale price index (WPI) is the main measure of inflation. The WPI measures the price of a representative basket of wholesale goods. In India, wholesale price index is divided into three groups: Primary Articles (22.6 percent of total weight); Fuel and Power (13.2 percent); and Manufactured Products (64.2 percent). The Food Index from the Primary Articles and Manufactured Products groups accounts for 24.4 percent of the total weight. The most important components of the Manufactured Products group are Basic Metals (9.7 percent of total weight); Food products (9.1 percent); Chemicals and Chemical products (6.5 percent) and Textiles (4.9 percent). Within the Primary Articles group, the most important component is Food Articles (15.3 percent), while within Fuel and Power, the most important category is HSD (3.1 percent).

Inflation Rate YoY

-0.2%

In Finland, the most important category in the consumer price index is housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels (25 percent of total weight). Food and non-alcoholic beverages accounts for 14 percent; transport for 13 percent and recreation and culture for 12 percent. Consumer price index in Finland also includes miscellaneous goods and services (7 percent); restaurants and hotels (7 percent) and furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance (5 percent). Health; alcoholic beverages and tobacco; clothing and footwear; communication and education account for remaining 17 percent of total weight.

Inflation Rate MoM

-0.2%

Inflation Rate MoM measures month over month change in the price of goods and services.

Harmonised Inflation Rate YoY Final

1.4%

The Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) is an indicator of inflation and price stability for the European Central Bank (ECB). The HICP is compiled by Eurostat and the national statistical institutes in accordance with harmonised statistical methods. The ECB aims to maintain annual inflation rates as measured by the HICP below, but close to, 2% over the medium term.

Harmonised Inflation Rate MoM Final

-0.1%

Tertiary Industry Index MoM

0.3%

The activity index of the tertiary industry helps to understand an overall picture of industrial activities, inclusive of all business categories in the tertiary industry. The composite index is a general indicator in which the indexes to express the activity in respective business categories are consolidated with weight in terms of the scale of relative importance of each business category (value added). Wholesale Trade is the most important sector and accounts for 15 percent of tertiary activity, followed by Medical, Health Care & Welfare and Living & Amusement-related Services (12 percent each), Information & Communications (11 percent), Retail Trade and Transport & Postal Activities (10 percent each), Finance and Insurance (9 percent), Real Estate (8 percent), Business-related Services (7 percent), and Electricity, Gas, Heat Supply & Water and Goods Rental and Leasing (3 percent each).

10-Year KTB Auction

3.285%

Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.

Retail Sales YoY

2.9%

In China, the year-over-year change in Retail sales compares the aggregated sales of retail goods and services during a certain month to the same month a year ago.

Industrial Production YoY

4.9%

In China, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities.

Unemployment Rate

5.1%

In China, Urban Surveyed Unemployment Rate is calculated by a sample survey, which refers to the ratio of urban unemployed population to the sum of the employed population and the unemployed population.

Fixed Asset Investment (YTD) YoY

-1.7%

In China, urban investment in fixed assets is one of the main measures of capital spending. It refers to investment in construction projects with a total planned investment of 5 million yuan; machinery and equipment and real estate development in both urban and rural areas. It refers to investment made by state-owned enterprises and private businesses, institutions or individuals.

House Price Index YoY

-2.2%

In China, Housing Index is measured by year-over-year change in the index of newly built residential buildings in 70 medium and large cities. The index is calculated in weighted average method and the weight of each city is based on the population.

Tankan Large Non-Manufacturing Index

34

In Japan, the quarterly Tankan Survey of Business Conditions for Large Non-Manufacturers covers about 1,050 companies with capital over 1 billion Yen, operating in the non-manufacturing sector. The survey is done by mail or e-mail and asks participants to evaluate current trends and conditions in the business place and their respective industries as well as their expected business activities for the next quarter and year. The indicator is calculated by subtracting the percentage share of enterprises responding on the negative side from the share giving positive assessments. The index varies on a scale of -100 to 100 such that a value above zero indicates business optimism, a value below zero pessimism and 0 indicates neutrality.

Tankan Large Manufacturers Index

14

In Japan, the quarterly Tankan Index of Sentiment at Large Manufacturers covers about 1,100 companies with capital over 1 billion Yen. The survey is done by mail or e-mail and asks participants to evaluate current trends and conditions in the business place and their respective industries as well as their expected business activities for the next quarter and year. The indicator is calculated by subtracting the percentage share of enterprises responding on the negative side from the share giving positive assessments. The index varies on a scale of -100 to 100 such that a value above zero indicates business optimism, a value below zero pessimism and 0 indicates neutrality.

Tankan Non-Manufacturing Outlook

28

The Tankan (Short-Term Economic Survey of Enterprises in Japan) is a statistical survey conducted by the Bank of Japan. It aims to provide an accurate picture of business trends of enterprises in Japan, thereby contributing to the appropriate implementation of monetary policy.

Tankan Large Manufacturing Outlook

12

The Tankan (Short-Term Economic Survey of Enterprises in Japan) is a statistical survey conducted by the Bank of Japan. It aims to provide an accurate picture of business trends of enterprises in Japan, thereby contributing to the appropriate implementation of monetary policy.

Tankan Large All Industry Capex

12.5%

The Tankan (Short-Term Economic Survey of Enterprises in Japan) is a statistical survey conducted by the Bank of Japan. It aims to provide an accurate picture of business trends of enterprises in Japan, thereby contributing to the appropriate implementation of monetary policy. The Large All Industry Capex measures the expected year-on-year change of fixed investment including land purchasing expenses, which corresponds to private non-residential investment of the national accounts of Japan.

Tankan Small Manufacturers Index

1

Tankan Business Conditions Small Manufacturing Enterprises Diffusion Index is based on the survey of approximately 220,000 private enterprises (excluding financial institutions) with at least 20 million yen in capital. The survey is done by mail or e-mail and asks participants to evaluate current trends and conditions in the business place and their respective industries as well as their expected business activities for the next quarter and year. The indicator is calculated by subtracting the percentage share of enterprises responding on the negative side from the share giving positive assessments. The index varies on a scale of -100 to 100 such that a value above zero indicates business optimism, a value below zero pessimism and 0 indicates neutrality.

Services NZ PSI

48.7

The Business NZ Performance of Services Index (PSI) is a composite index based on the diffusion indexes for sales, new orders, delivered, inventories and employment. A reading above 50 indicates an expansion of the Services sector compared to the previous month; below 50 represents a contraction; while 50 indicates no change.

Composite NZ PCI

50.2